Ground Mount Solar Permits and Regulations

Electrical Permits

Every grid-connected solar installation requires an electrical permit. This is non-negotiable. The permit ensures your system meets the National Electrical Code (NEC) and local amendments.

The electrical permit covers:

• Proper wire sizing and conduit installation
• Grounding and bonding
• Disconnect placement and labeling
• Inverter installation
• Connection to your main electrical panel
• Rapid shutdown compliance (required since 2017)

Your installer handles this permit as part of their standard service. Permit fees typically run $100-$500 depending on system size and jurisdiction.

Building Permits

Building permits for ground mount systems are required in most—but not all—jurisdictions. The structure is technically a permanent installation, triggering building code requirements.

Building permits typically address:

• Structural integrity: Can the foundation withstand wind and snow loads?
• Setback compliance: Is the system far enough from property lines?
• Height restrictions: Does the array exceed maximum height limits?
• Lot coverage: Does the system push total structures over allowable limits?

Some jurisdictions waive building permit requirements for solar installations under a certain size (often 10kW or less). Others require full structural engineering drawings regardless of size. Check with your local building department early in the process.

Zoning Regulations

Zoning codes determine what you can build and where. Ground mount solar is typically classified as an accessory structure, subject to the same rules as sheds, garages, and outbuildings.

Common Zoning Restrictions

• Setbacks: Minimum distances from property lines. Usually 5-25 feet depending on the zone and which property line. See our land requirements guide for details.
• Height limits: Maximum height for accessory structures. Often 10-15 feet. Ground mount arrays rarely exceed this unless on steep slopes.
• Lot coverage: Maximum percentage of lot covered by structures. Your solar array counts toward this total.
• Front yard prohibition: Many zones prohibit accessory structures in front yards entirely.

Solar Access Laws

Many states have solar access laws that limit local restrictions on solar installations. These laws may override HOA rules, reduce permit requirements, or mandate expedited approval processes. California, Colorado, Florida, and Texas have particularly strong solar access protections. Check your state's specific provisions.

HOA Approval

If you live in an HOA-governed community, you'll likely need approval before installing a ground mount system. HOA rules vary widely:

• Some HOAs prohibit ground mount systems entirely
• Others require specific locations (backyard only, screened from view)
• Some mandate certain colors or panel types
• A few have no restrictions at all

However, state solar access laws in many states limit what HOAs can prohibit. They often cannot ban solar entirely, though they may impose reasonable restrictions on placement and appearance.

Start the HOA conversation early. Get decisions in writing. If your HOA denies your request, research whether state law provides protections that override the denial.

Utility Interconnection

Connecting your solar system to the grid requires an interconnection agreement with your utility company. This is separate from local permits and follows the utility's own process.

The Interconnection Process

1. Application submission: Your installer submits system specs, site plans, and line diagrams to the utility.
2. Engineering review: The utility assesses whether the local grid can handle your system. Small residential systems usually pass automatically.
3. Approval: You receive permission to install (but not yet operate) your system.
4. Installation and inspection: System is built, local inspection passes.
5. Meter installation: Utility installs a bidirectional (net) meter if needed.
6. Permission to operate (PTO): Utility grants final approval to turn on your system.

Interconnection timelines vary from 2 weeks to 3+ months depending on the utility. Some utilities are notoriously slow. Your installer should know typical timelines in your area.

Inspections

Expect at least one inspection, possibly several. Common inspection points include:

Special Cases

Historic Districts

Properties in historic districts face additional review. A historic preservation commission may need to approve the installation, particularly if the array is visible from public right-of-way. Ground mount systems positioned behind the house often face fewer restrictions than rooftop installations.

Agricultural Land

Installing solar on agricultural land can trigger different regulations. Some jurisdictions are more permissive (solar as agricultural use). Others require conditional use permits or impose acreage limits on solar coverage. If your property receives agricultural tax treatment, verify that solar installation won't affect that status.

Environmental Reviews

Larger systems or installations in sensitive areas may require environmental review. This is rare for residential systems but can apply if your property contains wetlands, endangered species habitat, or is in a designated conservation area.

Permit Costs

Permit fees vary widely by location. Typical ranges:

These fees are typically included in your installer's quoted system cost. Verify what's covered before signing a contract.

Timeline Expectations

Permitting adds time to your project. Typical durations:

• Permit application to approval: 1-4 weeks in most jurisdictions. Can be longer in busy areas or for complex projects.
• Inspection scheduling: Often 3-10 business days after requesting.
• Utility interconnection: 2 weeks to 3 months depending on the utility.

Total time from contract signing to operating system: typically 6-12 weeks for residential ground mount installations. Weather delays, permit backlogs, and utility slowdowns can extend this.

Who Handles Permits?

Professional installers handle permitting as part of their service. This includes:

• Preparing permit applications and required documents
• Submitting applications and paying fees
• Responding to inspector comments or corrections
• Scheduling and attending inspections
• Managing utility interconnection paperwork

You shouldn't need to visit the building department yourself. However, staying informed about progress helps catch delays early. Ask your installer for regular status updates.

DIY Permitting Warning

If you're considering a DIY installation, be aware that pulling your own electrical permit typically requires a licensed electrician or contractor in most jurisdictions. Homeowner permits exist but often come with restrictions: you must do all work yourself, the property must be owner-occupied, and you may face additional scrutiny during inspection. Installing solar without permits is illegal, voids warranties, and can create serious problems when selling your home.